Science, Mathematics, Computer Science

In past decades, miniaturization of materials was immanent in all fields of technology, especially in semiconductor industry. Nowadays, miniaturization of semiconducting compounds has reached a level where established manufacturing processes reach their technical limits. Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) offers an alternative method for the deposition of ultra-thin metallic films, which is a crucial step in the fabrication of semiconducting compounds. Based on a chemical reaction between surface and gas phase, ALD is a process which touches both synthetic chemistry and...

Extensive forests of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) can be found in the southern Kyrgyz Republic. The natural stands of Juglans regia, however, are under uncontrolled human impact. Therefore, an assessment of a population genetic analysis of these forests as well as permanent conservation efforts of managing genetic resources has gained great attention. This book provides a comprehensive population genetic analysis of Persian walnut across its entire geographical range in the southern Kyrgyz Republic. The chapters of this book aim...

Based on phylogenetic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana genomic sequences, uncharacterized fatty acid (FA) hydroxylases were identified. Among them were several cytochrome P450s (CYP). Active site model structures of some CYP enzymes revealed that the hydrophobicity in the heme binding site is very different between enzymes active and inactive towards conversion of FAs. Evidence is given that substrate specificity is conserved among phylogenetically related isoforms of CYP enzymes. Particular residues in the active site pocket play key roles in determining substrate...

Rural households in Vietnam engage in a broad range of activities outside the agricultural sector. On the one hand, these include wage employment in construction, industries and services. On the other hand, there are numerous business and self-employment activities, for example in trade and handicrafts. Motives for participation are as diverse as the activities themselves. They range from risks and shocks in the agricultural sector, to higher and more secure incomes, to the realization of business opportunities. In this dissertation,...

The dielectric heating of seeds can e.g. B. for thermal pre-treatment before processing. This leads to a rapid increase in temperature in the material to be dried, which can lead to microstructural changes in the seeds and inactivation of lipid-splitting enzymes. The present study was carried out to investigate the influence of dielectric heating using microwave and high-frequency waves as a function of duration and temperature on qualitative characteristics of rapeseed and two varieties of sunflower seeds with different fatty...

The max-cut problem is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem defined on undirected weighted graphs. It consists in finding a subset of the graph's nodes such that the aggregate weight of the edges between the subset and its complement is maximized. This book deals with a new separation approach to be used within a branch-and-cut algorithm for solving max-cut problems to optimality. The method is based on graph contraction and allows the fast separation of so-called odd-cycle inequalities. In addition, we...

History has witnessed forests shaping human civilization from the ancient times to the industrial ages and after. In recent years, the world's forests have staged more prominent roles in our society. That the year 2011 has been declared as the International Year of Forests by the United Nations reveals a bold statement on such importance. The forests of Indonesia are in particular; stakes placed upon are diverse and often conflicting, not only from local or national levels but also from...

The dissertation will address the concept of a proto-universe that combines a steady state model of universe creation with multiple nucleogenesis events. Based on observable data of many large scale structures found in the universe that are older than the 13.7 billion years given for the big bang model of the birth of the universe. Details Title: An Architecture for an Ur-Universe Subtitle: Sequential Universal Events Author: Dr. Bradley S.Tice Edition: 1st edition University: Northwestern International University Published: 1st edition...

Three local carrot cultivars from Myanmar and two hybrid cultivars from Germany were investigated for their yield and nutritional quality supplied by mineral or organic fertilizers. Root yield and nutritional qualities were affected by cultivar difference and fertilizer types. Details Title: Agronomic characteristics and nutritional quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.) cultivars from Myanmar and Germany as affected by mineral and organic fertilizers Author: Dr. Le Le Win Edition: 1st edition University: Georg-August University of Göttingen Published: 1st edition 09/20/2010...

The present dissertation is focused on the phylogenetic, biochemical, structural and physiological analysis of the hydratases from Streptococcus pyogenes M49 and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. These hydratases belong to myosin cross-reactive antigen (MCRA) protein family for which knowledge on the biochemical and physiological function is scarce. This study provides the first line of evidence on biological significance of this protein family as ubiquitous bacterial enzymes which metabolize highly toxic unsaturated fatty acids to their less toxic and more soluble hydroxy derivatives....

Twenty eight genotypes of tomato were organically cultivated in two locations (Schönhagen and Ellingerode, Germany) in different two years. Plant infection by Phytophthora infestans was evaluated as well as the fruit nutritional and quality parameters (content of lycopene, phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid antioxidant capacity, mineral nutrients and organic compounds). It was also of interest to find a connection between infection and fruit quality. Details Title: Organically-grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Subtitle: Plant infection by Phytophthora infestans and fruit quality Author:...

Ackee is an underutilized species native to West Africa important for the livelihoods of rural population and candidate species for domestication. However, because the species was neglected for so long, key knowledge essential to elaborate a clear domestication strategy is very sketchy in the region. This book provide data from Benin on farmer's indigenous knowledge and perception of variation taking into account the difference among ethnic groups and gender, the morphological variability in tree and fruit traits in relation to...